Botulism is caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is a gram positive, spore-forming, sustain anaerobiotic bacillus. The clostridial spores atomic number 18 ubiquitous in soil and are very resistant to high temperature, light, drying and radiation. Spores may survive boiling for some(prenominal) hours at 100 oC, however exposure to moist heat at 120 oC for 30 minutes will run through the spores. Specific conditions are required for the germination of spores. These include anaerobic conditions (such as rotting carcasses or canned food), warmth, and mild alkalinity. The pictorial matter shows the bacillus shape of the bacterium C. botulinum.
After germination, clostridial spores go off neurolysins. at that place are 7 antigenic types of neurotoxins, classified as A through G. Typically, different neurotoxin types affect different species. lone(prenominal) a few nanograms of these toxins can cause severe illness. entirely cause flaccid paralysis in the species modify.
Toxin is produced in improperly processed, canned, low-acid or alkaline foods, and in pasteurized and lightly cured foods held without refrigeration, especially in airtight packaging. The physiologic mechanism of the neurotoxin is to irreversibly bind at neuromuscular junctions to prevent the release of acetylcholine (Ach). This causes muscular paralysis. The peripheral sensory nerves and the central anxious(p) system are usually not affected. The toxin can be destroyed heat and cooking food at 80oC for 30 minutes, however, inactivation of spores requires a much higher temperature.
This table summarizes the around common neurotoxin type affecting the various species affected by C. botulinum. All types of botulinum toxins produce the same clinical signs; however, the toxin...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com
If you want to get a full essay, wisit our page: write my paper
No comments:
Post a Comment