Sociological and Philosophical Questions

Although these four writers appear to be totally diverse, there is a common denominator: a intuitive feeling in the power and essence of distri andive justice. After a brief overview in which the concept of distributive justice is defined, the concepts of individually of these four writers will be examined to see to what extent his or her belief structures coincide with the idea of distributive justice.

A explanation of Distributive Justice

"Distributive justice" as a sociological and philosophical question is concerned with how social goods are disseminated end-to-end the community. Traditionally, there are two kinds of these social goods: essential and non-essential. innate goods would be such things as food, shelter, health care and so on. Non-essential goods by contrast are not life sustaining but life-enhancing (cars, stereos, cell ph unrivaleds and the like.)

The concept of "distributive justice" comes in at this point, and it is a concept heavy with questions. For instance, what scale of judgment is to be used in determining whether a service or an item is "essential" or "non-essential?" Further, who will be sceptred to make that judgment? Will it be a regime that is either elected or appointed, or will it be by a committee? And who will be responsible for distributing those social goods?

Historically, there have evolved several theories of how these social goods should be handled and controlled. Three primary philosophical co

Catherine MacKinnon -- Sexuality and Society

MacKinnon is widely quoted -- or, more accurately -- misquoted, especially because of her unappeasable rejection of sexual exploitation.

This has its basis, the idea that the clean or ethical counterbalance to social goods is based only on what one earns. neighborly goods must be distributed only on the basis of a person's value.

What is of value at this point is to consider Marx's observations concerning the importance of cover thinking processes. In the Grundrisse, he argues the necessity of discovering the proper direct of abstr influenceion in order to grasp the concrete personality of things.

"As a rule the most general abstractions cut only in the midst of the richest possible concrete development, where one thing appears as common to many. It follows that we need to go beyond partial explanations in order to track down the actual, efficient causes. . . at that level of abstraction where the individual causes all act together" (Marx, 1844, 1978, 203).

Society imposes limits on human desires and constitutes "a regulative force [which] must play the same role for moral needs which the organism plays for physical needs. In well-regulated societies, social controls hardened limits on individual propensities so that "each in his electron orbit vaguely realizes the extreme limits on individual propensities so that an equanmiity is achieved for all.

Where Marx adage society as a brewing conflict mingled with the classes with the exploitation of labor for the benefit of capitalism, and Durkheim saw society as needed social control, Max Weber believed that sociology was concerned with pragmatic social actions, and he chose to study man from the inside out, expression to the subjective meanings that human actors attach to their actions.

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