PAROLE SYSTEM

The thrust of these theories is that, by eliminating the key causes of antisocial behaviors, the behaviors themselves depart either be eliminated or their frequencies of detail will be significantly reduced. In turn, the elimination or significant reduction in the frequencies of occurrence of anti-social behaviors will be reflected in reduced ramble of crime. Those individuals subscribing to this chain of thought atomic number 18 likely to favor parole coupled with social reform.

The siemens broad group of theoretical studies emphasizes the relationship between the find of social behaviors and reductions in crime rates. Within this group of studies, in that location are included a wide variety of overturees that pitch the gamut from the use of punishment and sentencing procedures as a assay to the outfit of antisocial behaviors to the use of community involvement as a means of diminution the frequencies of antisocial behaviors. Individuals who think that swift and certain(p) punishment is the best way to control antisocial behaviors typically oppose parole, while those individuals embracing the community involvement approach likely favor parole.

The two general approaches to the reduction of vile activity--attacking the underlying causes, and

The findings that recidivism rates claim not been affected by any of the alternative approaches indicates that neither parole nor the absence of parole makes a lot of difference. Thus, in such circumstances, parole at least has the value of reducing prison costs.

Petersilia, J. (1992). The costs and effects of intensive supervision for drug offenders. Federal Probation, 56(4), 12-17.

The essence of the major problem confronting criminal department of corrections in the United States is the unacceptably high recidivism rate among the offenders who are processed through the system. Electronic monitoring, shock incarceration (or the prison boot camp concept), and intensive supervision while on parole are all alternative programs developed to choose with the recidivism problem (Petersilia, 1992, pp. 12-17; Lilly, Ball, Curry, and Smith, 1992, pp.

42-47). Shock incarceration has received particularly respectable press; however, some evidence has been developed, however, that indicates that shock incarceration may not be effective in reducing the recidivism rate (Mackenzie, 1990, pp. 44-52).

Mackenzie, Doris L., Shaw, James W., & Souryal, Claire. (1992). Characteristics associated with successful adjustment to supervision. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 19(4), 437-454.

Those who prolong the idea of the deterrent effect of stiff penalties contend that great the perceived likelihood of apprehension, prosecution, conviction, and punishment, the more severe the perceived eventual(prenominal) penalty, and the more swiftly it is perceived to be administered, the greater will be the deterrent effect of the threat. Several studies have cited the deterrent effects of sure and substantial penalties for antisocial behaviors as a means of reducing the crime rate. In this context, it is important to seam that some studies have found that the sureness of the imposition of penalties is as important as is the severity of the punishments imposed.

Lilly, J. Robert, Ball, Richard A., Curry, G. Davi
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