Social Organization of Two Simian Primate Baboon Species

Both mandrills and savanna baboons (some of which argon called olive baboons on account of their coloring) are considered species of baboons more broadly speaking described as Old origination Monkeys and intromitd in the family Cercopithecidae (Preston-Mafham & Preston-Mafham, 1992, p. 61ff; Phillips, 1975). There is some controversy on how to break mandrills and baboons. Some sources differentiate Mandrillus sphinx, which manifests distinctive sphincteric (taut) facial scratch around the nostrils, altogether from "baboons proper" (Preston-Mafham & Preston-Mafham, 1992, p. 66), which are of the genus Papio. Other sources include Mandrills and drills in the designation of baboon, as species of all Old World/African monkeys that are non anthropoid apes (Phillips, 1975). One modestness for taxonomic controversy appears to be that mandrills are especially unidentifiable in the wild and do not easily set themselves for study (Harrison, 1988; Rogers, Abernethy, Fontaine, Wickings, White, & Tutin, 1996).

One eight-month-long research investigation of captive mandrills, comprising champion adult male, two females, and three young, cites a great many an(prenominal) similarities in general behavior between mandrills and previously study baboons (Papio) while also noting mandrill-specific facial expressions and body languag

Field work on baboons shows the complexity of relationships in social units, dependent as they are on baboon eyeshot processes, which are not easily understood by homosexual observation. A reasonable inference appears to be that complexity implies a standard of social organization to which the baboon population as a whole tends to adhere. However, social behavior of Old World Monkeys is not easily decoded, and experts are likely to continue to disagree on its meanings.

Hoshino, J., Mori, A., Kudo, H., & Kawai, M. (1984). Preliminary report on the grouping of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) in Cameroon. Primates, 25, 295-307.

Sambrook, T. D., Whiten, A., & Strum, S. C. (1995). precedence of access and grooming patterns of females in a large and a small group of olive baboons. Animal Behavior, 50, 1667-1682.

Strum, S.

C. (1987). Almost gentleman's gentleman: a journey into the world of baboons. New York: Random House.

rough male behavior, however, does not imply that aggression = success. Consider Stammbach's note--made preceding to extensive observation and reportage in the literature of observations of mandrills in the wild--that "estrous females are mated nearly exclusively by their OMU leaders" (1987, p. 117). Citing DNA data from the same basic mandrill group studied by Wickings, Bossi, and Dixson, Wickings (1995) also reports evidence of 75 percent avoidance of incestuous breeding, either because of the presence of more than one dominant male or because of the timing of ichor of females as well as patterns of sexual avoidance on the part of certain selected females. Wickings refers to this pattern of reproductive behavior as genetic self-management, over a period of nine days in which an original colony of six mandrills increased to 84.

The innate(p) habitats of mandrills and savanna baboons differ. The natural habitat of baboons is the equatorial African pelting forest. Mandrills are distinctive among baboon subspecies in that they appear to select to dwell in the ra
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